The Tsunami of 26 December, 2004: Numerical Modeling and Energy Considerations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zygmunt Kowalik  William Knight  Tom Logan  Paul Whitmore 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):379-393

A numerical model for the global tsunamis computation constructed by Kowalik et al. (2005), is applied to the tsunami of 26 December, 2004 in the World Ocean from 80°S to 69°N with spatial resolution of one minute. Because the computational domain includes close to 200 million grid points, a parallel version of the code was developed and run on a Cray X1 supercomputer. An energy flux function is used to investigate energy transfer from the tsunami source to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Although the first energy input into the Pacific Ocean was the primary (direct) wave, reflections from the Sri Lankan and eastern shores of Maldives were a larger source. The tsunami traveled from Indonesia, around New Zealand, and into the Pacific Ocean by various routes. The direct path through the deep ocean to North America carried miniscule energy, while the stronger signal traveled a considerably longer distance via South Pacific ridges as these bathymetric features amplified the energy flux vectors. Travel times for these amplified energy fluxes are much longer than the arrival of the first wave. These large fluxes are organized in the wave-like form when propagating between Australia and Antarctica. The sources for the larger fluxes are multiple reflections from the Seychelles, Maldives and a slower direct signal from the Bay of Bengal. The energy flux into the Atlantic Ocean shows a different pattern since the energy is pumped into this domain through the directional properties of the source function. The energy flow into the Pacific Ocean is approximately 75% of the total flow to the Atlantic Ocean. In many locations along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, the first arriving signal, or forerunner, has lower amplitude than the main signal which often is much delayed. Understanding this temporal distribution is important for an application to tsunami warning and prediction.  相似文献   

印尼多岛海沉积记录基本特征与云南古特提斯研究     

方念乔 《地学前缘》2002,9(3):173-181

以新生代印度尼西亚多岛海沉积记录作为典型分析对象 ,对陆 (岛 )海相间结构背景下的沉积作用的主要特征及其构造地理意义进行讨论。各种类型的深水沉积作用在多岛海槛式盆地中多有反映 ,但以浊积和半远洋沉积最为突出 ,典型的远洋沉积仅发育于多岛海外围的开放大洋地区。连续而持久的远洋沉积记录是判别古代洋盆规模的最有效的依据之一。云南昌宁—孟连造山带作为古特提斯多岛洋主洋盆 ,包含的以放射虫硅质岩为代表的远洋记录覆盖的地质历史至少达 130Ma。结合明显的等深流记录、可能的巨大火成区记录、巨量陆屑输入记录等多方面的证据 ,笔者认为 ,云南地区所揭示的东古特提斯的规模远非当代的印尼多岛海可比。对多岛海背景下的若干古海洋学问题也进行了讨论  相似文献   

热带太平洋和印度洋海面高度季节循环和年际变化的数值模拟   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

李雁领  俞永强  张学洪  肖稳安 《大气科学》2004,28(4):493-509

利用卫星海面高度计资料,分析了赤道太平洋和印度洋海面高度变化的季节和年际变化特征,并与一个耦合气候系统模式FGCM0模拟的海面高度进行比较,评估模式模拟海面高度季节和年际变化的能力.结果表明,尽管耦合模式存在一定的系统误差,但仍然能在相当程度上模拟出海面高度季节和年际变化的基本特征.同时为检验模式中印度尼西亚贯穿流(ITF)对海面高度季节和年际变化的影响,还进行了印度尼西亚海道完全关闭的敏感性试验,与控制试验结果对比表明,印度尼西亚贯穿流可以显著影响热带太平洋和印度洋年际变化的特征.  相似文献   

南海贯穿流季节变化数值模拟研究     

刘鑫  韩琦琦  陈学恩 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(1):12-21

本文采用美国伍兹霍尔研究所研发的海洋-大气-波浪-泥沙输运耦合模式COAWST(Coupled Dcean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport)对南海及邻近海域进行了9 km分辨率的数值模拟研究。结果表明,南海贯穿流的季节变化再现了冬强夏弱的特征,在南海内部冬季呈现气旋环流结构,夏季呈现反气旋环流结构,尤其在冬季其流轴结构更为清晰和稳定,海水从吕宋海峡进入南海,从民都洛海峡、卡里马塔海峡、台湾海峡和巴拉巴克海峡流出,吕宋海峡断面流量与其他4个海峡流量合计在数量级上相当,保持南海海水总量不变。吕宋海峡、卡里马塔海峡、民都洛海峡的流量呈现明显相关性,吕宋海峡流量增大时,民都洛海峡和卡里马塔海峡的流量也相应增大,相关系数分别达到0.78和0.9。通过更适于分析中短期变化的简化绕岛环流理论,定量计算2019年吕宋海峡、黑潮和棉兰老流流量与北赤道流分叉点位置的关系,发现夏季北赤道流分叉点NECBL(North Equatorial Current Bifurcation Latitude)偏南,在13.6°N附近;冬季NECBL偏北,在15.6°N左右,同期黑潮流量减少,棉兰老流流量增加,作为南海贯穿流入流的吕宋海峡流量可达13.4 Sv。吕宋海峡输运补偿了北赤道流到达菲律宾海岸后的北向分支的流量,与棉兰老流的流量呈正相关,相关系数达到0.5361。  相似文献   

The seasonal variation of the upper layers of the South China Sea (SCS) circulation and the Indonesian through flow (ITF): An ocean model study     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2013

The upper layer, wind-driven circulation of the South China Sea (SCS), its through-flow (SCSTF) and the Indonesian through flow (ITF) are simulated using a high resolution model, FVCOM (finite volume coastal ocean model) in a regional domain comprising the Maritime Continent. The regional model is embedded in the MIT global ocean general circulation model (ogcm) which provides surface forcing and boundary conditions of all the oceanographic variables at the lateral open boundaries in the Pacific and Indian oceans. A five decade long simulation is available from the MITgcm and we choose to investigate and compare the climatologies of two decades, 1960–1969 and 1990–1999.The seasonal variability of the wind-driven circulation produced by the monsoon system is realistically simulated. In the SCS the dominant driving force is the monsoon wind and the surface circulation reverses accordingly, with a net cyclonic tendency in winter and anticyclonic in summer. The SCS circulation in the 90s is weaker than in the 60s because of the weaker monsoon system in the 90s. In the upper 50 m the interaction between the SCSTF and ITF is very important. The southward ITF can be blocked by the SCSTF at the Makassar Strait during winter. In summer, part of the ITF feeds the SCSTF flowing into the SCS through the Karimata Strait. Differently from the SCS, the ITF is primarily controlled by the sea level difference between the western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean. The ITF flow, consistently southwestward below the surface layer, is stronger in the 90s.The volume transports for winter, summer and yearly are estimated from the simulation through all the interocean straits. On the annual average, there is a ∼5.6 Sv of western Pacific water entering the SCS through the Luzon Strait and ∼1.4 Sv exiting through the Karimata Strait into the Java Sea. Also, ∼2 Sv of SCS water enters the Sulu Sea through the Mindoro Strait, while ∼2.9 Sv flow southwards through the Sibutu Strait merging into the ITF. The ITF inflow occurs through the Makassar Strait (up to ∼62%) and the Lifamatola Strait (∼38%). The annual average volume transport of the ITF inflow from the simulation is ∼15 Sv in the 60s and ∼16.6 Sv in the 90s, very close to the long term observations. The ITF outflow through the Lombok, Ombai and Timor straits is ∼16.8 Sv in the 60s and 18.9 Sv in the 90s, with the outflow greater by 1.7 Sv and 2.3 Sv respectively. The transport estimates of the simulation at all the straits are in rather good agreement with the observational estimates.We analyze the thermal structure of the domain in the 60s and 90s and assess the simulated temperature patterns against the SODA reanalysis product, with special focus on the shallow region of the SCS. The SODA dataset clearly shows that the yearly averaged temperatures of the 90s are overall warmer than those of the 60s in the surface, intermediate and some of the deep layers and the decadal differences (90s − 60s) indicate that the overall warming of the SCS interior is a local effect. In the simulation the warm trend from the 60s to the 90s in well reproduced in the surface layer. In particular, the simulated temperature profiles at two shallow sites at midway in the SCSTF agree rather well with the SODA profiles. However, the warming trend in the intermediate (deep) layers is not reproduced in the simulation. We find that this deficiency is mostly due to a deficiency in the initial temperature fields provide by the MITgcm.  相似文献   

太平洋-印度洋贯穿流南海分支在卡里马塔海峡的十年观测回顾   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

Wei Zexun  Li Shujiang  Susanto R. Dwi  Wang Yonggang  Fan Bin  Xu Tengfei  Sulistiyo Budi  Adi T. Rameyo  Setiawan Agus  Kuswardani A.  Fang Guohong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(4):1-11

除印度尼西亚贯穿流之外，南海贯穿流也是太平洋向印度洋输送海水的重要分支。尽管基于数值模拟等方法的研究早已指出，南海分支在太平洋-印度洋洋际交换中有重要作用，但是直到2007年之前，南海分支在卡里马塔海峡处的观测几乎是空白。本文回顾了自2007年起，通过中印尼合作项目"南海-印度尼西亚海水交换及对鱼类季节性洄游的影响（SITE）"在卡里马塔海峡开展的近十年观测，以及在此基础上进一步开展的"印度尼西亚贯穿流海域水交换、内波和混合观测及其生态效应（TIMIT）"观测项目，并对SITE和TIMIT观测取得的成果进行了总结。  相似文献   

印尼贯穿流对印度洋的热量贡献     

张铁成  王卫强  谢强  陈玲舫 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(4):72-79

本文基于海洋环流模式模拟的高分辨率欧拉场，利用拉格朗日追踪方法，评估了印尼贯穿流（ITF）对印度洋的热量贡献。通过计算ITF水体在印度洋的传输路径及伴随的温度变化来获取ITF水体在印度洋的热量传输过程。模拟结果表明ITF进入印度洋后主要向西流动并在到达马达加斯加后分叉，进入南、北印度洋。热收支分析表明ITF在北印度洋吸收0.41 PW热量，在南印度洋释放0.56 PW热量；这两个过程相互补偿，导致ITF对整个印度洋的净加热贡献并不显著，只有0.15 PW。进一步的检查ITF离开印度洋的出口（跨过34°S），结果表明ITF主要随着位于西边界的奥古拉斯流和位于东边界的利文流离开印度洋。约89%的ITF水体沿着西边界离开印度洋，其余的11%主要沿着东边界离开印度洋；前者对整个印度洋的净加热贡献为0.10 PW，后者的净加热贡献为0.05 PW。  相似文献   

一种考虑自然气候振荡的趋势估计方法及其在印尼贯穿流多年代际趋势研究中的应用     

胡石建 《海洋科学》2018,42(10):8-15

地球气候系统一方面在内部动力过程(尤其是海洋动力过程)的调控下存在强烈的自然周期或准周期振荡,另一方面在人类温室气体持续排放等重要外强迫的作用下而存在长期变化趋势。如何在物理量的趋势估计中去除掉自然周期性振荡的影响,是气候变化研究中的关键科学问题之一。针对该问题,本文基于理想化的数学模型,结合印尼贯穿流多年代际趋势的实际研究工作,提出了滑动趋势法,以去除或减少自然周期振荡对趋势估计的影响。本文对滑动趋势法的基本原理和效果进行了阐述,并通过理论模型对该方法进行了检验,结果表明滑动趋势法可以得到接近真实趋势的估计值。利用滑动趋势法估算的印尼贯穿流流量在1985～2010年间的多年代际趋势比粗估趋势大了近1倍,这对理解印尼贯穿流和印太气候系统具有重要意义。该方法具有普适性,可在地球气候变化研究乃至其他关于物理量的趋势估算中广泛使用。  相似文献   

皮克特图版在含泥质砂岩储层测井解释评价中的改进及应用     

丁磊  张恒荣  袁伟  郑志锋  王一 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(3):911-918

经典皮克特图版由阿尔奇公式推导而来，但无法处理泥质砂岩储层。本文以南海西部海域W油田作为研究对象，从印度尼西亚公式出发，对经典皮克特图版进行改进，开发出了泥质砂岩皮克特图版。通过对比分析经典皮克特图版与泥质砂岩皮克特图版的不同，指出在含泥质砂岩储层测井解释评价中使用泥质砂岩皮克特图版的重要性，并提出利用迭代法精确求解地层水电阻率及岩电参数的方法。研究表明：使用改进的泥质砂岩皮克特图版计算得到的地层水电阻率与纯水层的计算结果保持一致；同时，相比于经验值，使用迭代法求解出的地层水电阻率及岩电参数与实际情况更为吻合。  相似文献   

印度尼西亚近海潮汐潮流的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

腾飞  方国洪  王新怡  魏泽勋  王永刚 《海洋科学进展》2013,31(2)

利用FVCOM海洋数值模式计算了印尼近海的M2,S2,K1,O1分潮的分布,计算范围从20°S～20°N,90°～150°E,计算网格分辨率在印尼海域岛屿平均为1/12度,在大陆边界平均为1/5度,在开边界平均为1/2度.计算结果与104个TOPEX/Poseidon卫星高度计交叉点数据和79个验潮站数据进行比较,符合良好;与高度计交叉点比较,M2分潮振幅的均方根差为6 cm,迟角为7°;S2分潮的振幅偏差为3 cm,迟角偏差为8°;K1分潮振幅的偏差为6 cm,迟角偏差为10°;O1分潮振幅偏差为3 cm,迟角偏差为10°.根据计算结果给出了4个分潮的潮汐、潮流、潮余流和潮能通量密度分布图.  相似文献